The Crusades

The Crusades

The rise of religious orders:

In the early 1500s, many new religious orders began in Europe, especially in Italy. Many of these were a different kind of order known as clerics, regular, or priests living under a religious rule.

A religious order is a conjunction of many communities and organizations of people who live in some way different from society by their specific religious devotion, usually characterized by the principles of the religious practice of its founder.

The Catholic answer to the Protestant Reformation is known as the Counter-Reformation, which resulted in the reuse of original doctrines and the emergence of new religious orders aimed at both reforms in a moral way and new missionary activity. 

Some of the outcome, and a large part of the enforcement, of the Council of Trent, was in the hands of just recently proposed religious orders, beyond all the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits, founded in 1534 by St. Ignatius of Loyola and officially established by the papacy in 1540.

From the Church leaders' perspective: The many religious orders within the Catholic Church and their different ways of life reflect the specific recommendations and practices suggested by their founders regarding the best way to live their vows in response to the needs and contingencies of the times

From the perspective of the Common People: In this conflict, people of all faiths traveled vast distances to fight over the city of Jerusalem, which each faith considered important to its religious heritage.

The religious, political, and economic motivations behind the Crusades as well as their effects:

The Crusades happened between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries. There were devout, political, and financial reasons for them. The devout reason for the campaigns was to retake the Heavenly Arrive from non-Christians. The financial reason for the Campaigns was that vendors needed to get to Asian exchange courses. The political reasons for the Campaigns were that European nobles trusted to pick up control through military achievements and a few individuals were told on the off chance that they went on the Campaigns they would go to paradise. Crusaders had outstanding inspirations, and a few just looked for travel and experience. Crusaders were regularly brutal: they sacked cities and killed Jews.

From the Church leaders' perspective: Though the Church organized minor Crusades with limited goals after 1291—mainly military campaigns aimed at pushing Muslims from the conquered territory, or conquering pagan regions—support for such efforts diminished in the 16th century, with the rise of the Reformation and the corresponding decline of papal authority.

On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II makes perhaps the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims to reclaim the Holy Land, with a cry of “Deus vult!” or “God wills it!”

From the perspective of the Common People: In the 1000s, tension increased between Muslims and Christians. Some historians would argue that whilst the primary motive may have been religious, many Crusaders got side-tracked by their greed and lust for power.

Cultural innovations in architecture, education, and literature:  

Architecture: The essential impact the crusaders took with them to the Levant was engineering. With Romanesque design being input by 1095 and Gothic before long to take after, the impact of Western European basic plans and castles was set to take after them to the Sacred Arrive. Church buildings within the Heavenly Arrive must be tended to both sometime recently and after the entry of the Crusaders. Denys Pringle, a master of church art and engineering within the Heavenly Arrive amid the campaigns, composes, «â€by 1014, as it were a modest bunch of church buildings, counting the Nativity in Bethlehem and the religious community of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai, were cleared outstanding inside the caliph's lands.» The structural history of the Heavenly Arrive is full of the pulverization of churches and landmarks and their reconstruction when conditions made strides. An illustration of this is often the Anastasis, which was a rotunda within the Church of the Sacred Sepulcher.

Educational: The Europeans learned around unused concepts in math as well as a modern numbering framework, called Hindu Arabic Numerals, that we still utilize nowadays. They picked up to get to unused restorative information and other thoughts as well. The Crusades too opened up numerous modern exchange conceivable outcomes with products that Europeans never had to get to before.

Literature: the Campaigns did have a stamped effect on the advancement of Western verifiable writing. From the start, there was a multiplication of chronicles, onlooker accounts, and afterward more driven histories, in verse and composition, within the vernacular as well as in Latin.

From the Church leaders' perspective: The cultural influence of Christianity includes social welfare, founding hospitals, economics (as the Protestant work ethic), natural law (which would later influence the creation of international law), politics, architecture, literature, personal hygiene, and family life.

From the perspective of the Common People: The ordinary people learned about new math concepts and a new numbering system, called Hindu Arabic Numerals, that we still use today. They gained access to new medical knowledge and other ideas as well. The Crusades also opened up many new trade possibilities with goods that the people never had access to before.

The Spanish Inquisition:

The Spanish Inquisition was a legal institution that endured between 1478 and 1834. Its apparent reason was to combat blasphemy in Spain, but, in hone, it brought about uniting control within the government of the recently bound together Spanish kingdom. Its brutal strategies are driven to far-reaching passing and suffering.

The institution of the Spanish Investigation was apparently set up to combat sin. The Spanish kingdom was bound together with the marriage of Ferdinand II and Isabella I, and the Examination served to solidify control within the monarchy.

From the Church leaders' perspective: The Roman Catholic Church had established inquisitions in the past. these commissions had the authority to question supposed heretics about their religious practices and loyalties starting in the 13th century. The Inquisition spread into other parts of Europe and the Americas. Mandatory conversion to Roman Catholicism and expulsion from Spain's territories of people from other religious traditions resulted in a more homogenous Spanish culture. The power of the Spanish monarchy increased. The Inquisition helped maintain power by getting rid of the people who would spread anti-Catholic ideas, so they could keep the followers they had. Also, people would be scared to speak about their heretic beliefs, so no new ideas were spreading. Generally, opinions went against what was widely accepted.

From the perspective of the Common People: The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas. Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its persecution of Jews and Muslims.

Cristopher (The rise of religious orders)

Ysmaldo (The religious, political, and economic motivations behind the Crusades as well as their effects, The Spanish Inquisition)

Elian (Cultural innovations in architecture, education, and literature)

By: Cristopher, Elian, and Ysmaldo